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  1. In this work, we investigated the effect of hole transporting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) interfacing with Mn-doped CdS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate on the photoemission of upconverted hot electrons under weak continuous wave photoexcitation in a vacuum. Among the various factors that can influence the photoemission of the upconverted hot electrons, we studied the role of PEDOT:PSS in facilitating the hole transfer from QDs and altering the energy of photoemitted hot electrons. Compared to hot electrons emitted from QDs deposited directly on the ITO substrate, the addition of the PEDOT:PSS layer between the QD and ITO layers increased the energy of the photoemitted hot electrons. The increased energy of the photoemitted hot electrons is attributed in part to the reduced steady-state positive charge on the QDs under continuous photoexcitation, which reduces the energy required to eject the electron from the conduction band.

     
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available August 7, 2024
  2. Abstract

    2D hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are commonly found under subcritical cyclic stresses and suffer from fatigue issues during device operation. However, their fatigue properties remain unknown. Here, the fatigue behavior of (C4H9‐NH3)2(CH3NH3)2Pb3I10, the archetype 2D HOIP, is systematically investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is found that 2D HOIPs are much more fatigue resilient than polymers and can survive over 1 billion cycles. 2D HOIPs tend to exhibit brittle failure at high mean stress levels, but behave as ductile materials at low mean stress levels. These results suggest the presence of a plastic deformation mechanism in these ionic 2D HOIPs at low mean stress levels, which may contribute to the long fatigue lifetime, but is inhibited at higher mean stresses. The stiffness and strength of 2D HOIPs are gradually weakened under subcritical loading, potentially as a result of stress‐induced defect nucleation and accumulation. The cyclic loading component can further accelerate this process. The fatigue lifetime of 2D HOIPs can be extended by reducing the mean stress, stress amplitude, or increasing the thickness. These results can provide indispensable insights into designing and engineering 2D HOIPs and other hybrid organic–inorganic materials for long‐term mechanical durability.

     
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